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A physic garden is a type of herb garden with medicinal plants. Botanical gardens developed from them. ==History== Modern botanical gardens were preceded by medieval physic gardens that originated at the time of Emperor Charlemagne. Gardens of this time included various section including one for medicinal plants called the ラテン語:''herbularis'' or ラテン語:''hortus medicus''. Pope Nicholas V set aside part of the Vatican grounds in 1447 for a garden of medicinal plants that were used to promote the teaching of botany, and this was a forerunner to the University gardens at Padua and Pisa established in the 1540s. Certainly the founding of many early botanic gardens was instigated by members of the medical profession.〔 The naturalist William Turner established physic gardens at Cologne, Wells, and Kew; he also wrote to Lord Burleigh recommending that a physic garden be established at Cambridge University with himself at its head. The 1597 ''Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes'' by herbalist John Gerard was said to be the ''catalogue raisonné'' of physic gardens, both public and private, which were instituted throughout Europe. It listed 1,030 plants found in his physic garden at Holborn, and was the first such catalogue printed. The garden in Oxford, founded by Henry Danvers, 1st Earl of Danby, with Jacob Bobart the Elder as Superintendent, dates to 1632. Begun in Westminster and later moved to Chelsea, the Apothecaries founded the Chelsea Physic Garden in 1673, of which Philip Miller, author of ''The Gardeners Dictionary'', was the most notable Director. By 1676, the position of "Keeper of the Physic Garden" was held by the Professor of Botany at the University of Edinburgh. Some of the earliest physic gardens included:〔 * 1334, Venice; and at Salerno, founded by Matthaeus Silvaticus * 1544, Pisa, begun by Cosimo de' Medici, with Luca Ghini and Andrea Cesalpino for its first two directors * 1545, Padua * 1547, Bologna, founded by Ghini * 1560, Zurich, founded by Conrad Gessner * 1570, Paris * 1577, Leyden, under direction of Carolus Clusius * 1580, Leipzig * 1593, Montpelier, by Henry IV 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Physic garden」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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